Any reference to medicinal or culinary use of plants or plant parts should in no way be considered an endorsement by The Ocala Food Forest or its staff. Research is crucial in safe and proper consumption or experimentational use of any plant.
Plant Information
Scientific Name: | Gelsemium sempervirens |
Family Name: | Gelsemiaceae |
Common Name(s): | Carolina Jessamine, Yellow Jessamine, Evening Trumpetflower |
Size: | Can grow up to 20 feet long as a vine, & 3-6 foot wide spread. |
Plant Type: | Evergreen vine, Perennial |
Origin/Geographic Distribution: | Native to the southeastern United States |
Native to: | United States |
Native range in the USA: | Common in states like South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Texas |
Conservation Status: | Not threatened |
Cultivation
Planting: | Best planted in early spring or fall |
Sun Exposure: | Full sun to partial shade |
Soil Type: | Well-drained, moist, humus-rich |
Soil pH: | Acidic to nearly neutral (pH 6.8 to 7.2) |
Water Requirements: | Medium, requires consistent moisture but not waterlogged |
Fertilizer Requirements: | Light; apply a balanced fertilizer in early spring. |
Pruning Requirements: | Prune after flowering to control growth and maintain shape |
Growth Rate: | Fast; can grow several feet per year in ideal conditions |
Companion Planting: | Complements azaleas and camellias; all thrive in similar acidic soil conditions |
Tolerance and Hardiness
Drought Tolerance: | Low; requires regular watering during dry periods |
Frost Tolerance: | Moderate; can withstand light frosts (down to about 20°F / -7°C) |
Heat Tolerance: | High; can tolerate summer heat up to 90°F / 32°C |
Wind Tolerance: | Medium; can withstand some wind but may need support in exposed sites |
Salt Tolerance: | Low; not suitable for coastal areas with direct salt exposure |
USDA Plant Hardiness Zones: | 7-10 |
Flower and Fruit Information
Fruit Type: | Not significant, rarely produces noticeable fruit |
Harvest Time: | N/A |
Fruit Description: | N/A |
Edible Plant: | No; all parts of the plant are highly toxic |
Edible Parts: | None |
Medicinal: | Some people use it medicinally as an antispasmodic or sedative for treating conditions such as fever, sore throat, headaches, anxiety, insomnia & depression. However, due to its toxicity when taken internally in large doses, it should only be used under medical supervision. |
Flower Color: | Bright yellow |
Flower Shape: | Trumpet-shaped |
Fragrance: | Highly fragrant, especially in the evening |
Flower Bloom Time: | Spring (March to April) |
Bloom Duration: | Several weeks |
Pollination: Self or Other? |
Attracts bees and butterflies for pollination |
Wildlife
Attracts: | Bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds |
Pollinators: | Bees, butterflies |
Problematic Pest: | Scale insects and mealybugs |
Health and Safety
Toxic: | Yes, all parts of the plant are toxic to humans and animals |
Poisonous Parts of Plant: | All parts |
Toxic to Humans: | Highly toxic; ingestion can be fatal |
Toxic to Animals: | Highly toxic to pets and livestock |
Plant Diseases to be aware of: | Susceptible to fungal diseases and root rot in poorly drained soils |
Carolina Jessamine (Gelsemium Sempervirens)
Gelsemium sempervirens, otherwise known as yellow jasmine or Carolina jessamine, is a flowering evergreen vine native to the southeastern United States. It is widely used in landscaping and horticulture for its attractive foliage and fragrant flowers.
The Gelsemium sempervirens plant has been a part of Southern culture for centuries. The Cherokee Indians were the first to recognize the medicinal properties of the plant and used it to treat numerous ailments including fever, sore throat, headaches, anxiety, and depression. In 1790, it was officially named by French botanist Andre Michaux who noted that it had many similarities with other species in the genus gelsemium.
Companion Planting
For Carolina Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens), here are some ideal companion plants that are both Florida Native and Florida Friendly. Each plant listed will thrive in similar conditions and complement the growth and beauty of Carolina Jessamine:
Florida Native Plants
Wax Myrtle (Myrica cerifera)
Zone Range: 7-11
Benefits: Wax Myrtle is a fast-growing shrub that can provide a backdrop or support for Carolina Jessamine's climbing habit. It attracts beneficial insects and provides berries for birds.
Use: Ideal for creating natural borders or screens.
Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
Zone Range: 6-10
Benefits: The broad, evergreen leaves of Southern Magnolia offer a striking contrast to the delicate foliage and bright yellow flowers of Carolina Jessamine. It also provides a sturdy structure for Jessamine to climb.
Use: Perfect as a background plant in larger landscapes.
Florida Anise (Illicium floridanum)
Zone Range: 8-10
Benefits: With its evergreen foliage and star-shaped flowers, Florida Anise complements Carolina Jessamine by providing visual interest and contrast, especially in shaded areas where both plants thrive.
Use: Great for understory plantings in shaded gardens.
Florida Friendly Plants
Azaleas (Rhododendron spp.)
Zone Range: 5-9
Benefits: Azaleas bloom profusely in the spring, around the same time as Carolina Jessamine, creating a harmonious display of flowers. They prefer similar acidic soil conditions.
Use: Excellent for adding vibrant color under tree canopies or in similar semi-shaded areas.
Camellias (Camellia spp.)
Zone Range: 7-9
Benefits: Camellias offer lush, glossy foliage and beautiful flowers during fall and winter, providing interest before Carolina Jessamine blooms in spring.
Use: Suitable for partial shade, perfect for layering the garden with continuous blooming.
Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides)
Zone Range: 8-11
Benefits: Gardenias produce richly fragrant white flowers that can complement the yellow blooms of Carolina Jessamine. They thrive in similar light and soil conditions.
Use: Ideal for borders or as foundation plantings alongside buildings or fences.
These companion plants not only enhance the garden's aesthetics but also support a healthy ecosystem by attracting beneficial insects and providing habitat and food for wildlife, making your garden a vibrant and dynamic space.